Holling introduced the word resilience into the ecolog. Resilience in socialecological systems depends on the feedbacks between ecological and human communities. Figure 3 provides an overview of the ecological concepts and principles discussed in section 2 and their application as discussed in section 3. Building socioecological resilience to climate change. The social ecology of resilience a handbook of theory. Extractive use of ecosystems that focus on the financially optimized production of a few goods reduces their resilience. What may appear to be novel postdisturbance trajectories. The first is the understanding of social ecological systems developed around the term resilience, and more recently the term panarchy, in the work of holling, gunderson, and others. Harvey victims of violence program cambridge health. Interdisciplinary discourse on resilience now includes consideration of the interactions of humans and ecosystems via socioecological systems, and.
A social ecological perspective daniel stokols, raul p. Ecological resilience as an emergent ecosystem phenomenon can be decomposed into complementary attributes scales, adaptive capacity, thresholds, and. This model generates neutral stability as in figure 2b. Interdisciplinary discourse on resilience now includes consideration of the interactions of humans and ecosystems via socioecological systems, and the need for shift from the maximum sustainable yield paradigm to environmental resource management which aims to build ecological resilience through resilience analysis, adaptive resource. The resilience alliance thanks the christensen fund for project support. Harris 1blue ventures conservation, level 2 annex, omnibus business centre, 39. Resilience is a property of these linked socialecological systems ses. He has practiced for over 25 years as a social worker and marriage and. Ecological concepts, principles and applications to. Raising socially responsible kids, too safe for their own good. Holling introduced the word resilience into the ecological literature as a way of helping to understand the nonlinear dynamics observed. Long increasingly, forest management goals include building or maintaining resistance andor resilience to disturbances in the face of climate change. A resilience approach has guided the development of this workinprogress procedure for assessing resilience in socialecological systems sess. A quantitative framework for assessing ecological resilience.
This program is led by the international water management institute iwmi, a member of the cgiar consortium and is. It represents a synthesis of thinking across empirical ecological studies and socialecological resilience theory. Ecological resilience refers to the ability of an ecosystem to maintain key functions and processes in the face of stresses or pressures, by resisting and then adapting to change. Alignment of costs and responsibility through localization of markets improves the feedback between human use and the ecological response of ecosystems, increasing the resilience of the system. This definition highlights social resilience in relation to the concept of ecological resilience which is a. Masters in resilience and socialecological resilience duration. Foundations of ecological resilience is a collection of the most important articles on the subject of ecological resilience those writings that have defined and developed basic concepts in the field and help explain its importance and meaning for scientists and researchers. We suggest that species interact with scaledependent sets of ecological structures and processes that determine functional opportunities. This title includes a number of open access chapters. Click here to buy this book in print or download it as a free pdf, if available. Ecological resilience, biodiversity, and scale garry d. The resilience perspective is increasingly used as an approach for understanding the dynamics of socialecological systems. We propose that ecological resilience is generated by diverse.
Ecological resilience international risk governance council. Ecological principles are basic assumptions or beliefs about ecosystems and how. An urban resilience approach could comprise a evolutionary or adaptive urban resilience involving an ongoing study and observation of the city system. We suggest that species interact with scaledependent sets of. Examining sources of ecological resilience to climate change for restoration planning britta l. Relevance of ecosystem resilience within sustainability discourse 7. Inferring the chance of a critical transition marten scheffer, stephen r. The achievement of these objectives requires an open management process which seeks to include past, present and future stakeholders. Read chapter engineering resilience versus ecological resilience. We conceptualize the resilience process of adaptation to family rejection within a social ecological development model. Resilience and stability of ecological systems annual. The landscape resilience framework presented here is designed to facilitate application of resilience principles to ecosystem management by detailing the seven dimensions of a landscape that contribute to resilience. This article presents the origin of the resilience perspective and provides an overview of its development to date.
Biodiversity and resilience of ecosystem functions. Ecological resiliencein theory and application lance h. The ecological resilience of urban ecosystemsthe degree to which they tolerate alteration before reorganizing around a new set of structures and processesis influenced by these interactions. Fraser s ocial policies and programs for american children, youth, and families have undergone frequent shifts in philosophy and direction in the past century. Engineering within ecological constraints presents a rare dialogue between engineers and. Professor terrie klinger school of marine and environmental affairs restoration ecology is a burgeoning field and ecological restoration efforts are becoming more widespread. Resilience esr is a crosscutting core theme within wle that focuses on the role of ecosystem service based approaches in building community resilience and helping wle achieve its development outcomes. We hope that a focus on resilience rather than shortterm delivery of ecosystem functions and services, and the consideration of specific underpinning mechanisms, will help to join the research areas of biodiversityecosystem function and ecological resilience and ultimately aid the development of evidencebased yet flexible ecosystem management. Adaptive management needs to at least maintain political openness, but usually it needs to create it. We describe existing models of the relationship between species diversity and ecological function, and propose a conceptual model that relates species richness, ecological resilience, and scale. Because of the feedbacks between human behavior, environmental conditions, ecosystem services, and human wellbeing, understanding of resilience of socialecological systems requires integrated analysis that includes both nature and people.
Socialecological resilience and biospherebased sustainability science. Research such as this is necessary to create new ideas and to evaluate established ones in an effort to make communities more adaptable and to increase peoples s. Read ecological resilience books like panarchy and the secure and the dispossessed for free with a free 30day trial. Urban ecosystems evolve over time and space as the outcome of dynamic interactions between socioeconomic and biophysical processes operating over multiple scales. We infer that resilience occurs when rejected smw develop greater community connectedness and collective selfesteem than is typical among nonrejected smw. This model generates neutral stability as in figure 2b, but the assumptions are very unrealistic since very few components are included, there are. This publication was made possible through support provided to bsp by the global bureau of usaid, under the terms of cooperative agreement number dhra00880004400. Implications for theory, research and practice mary r. Around the world, local communities efforts over many years to adapt to the surrounding environment and enjoy its bounty for the long. Usda ars jornada experimental range and jornada basin lter 2. We also thank all ra members past and present upon whose ideas and research forms the basis for this workbook.
Krasny, cecilia lundholm and ryan plummer present the special issue on resilience in socialecological systems. The term resilience is a term that is sometimes used interchangeably with robustness to describe the. A risk and resilience framework for child, youth, and family policy jeffrey m. Ecological resilience as an emergent ecosystem phenomenon can be decomposed into complementary attributes scales, adaptive capacity, thresholds, and alternative regimes that embrace the complexity inherent to.
Ecological understanding of resilience 1 do not distribute without permission of the author. Engineering resilience versus ecological resilience. Exploring the dynamics of socialecological resilience in east and. Discover the best ecological resilience books and audiobooks. Environmental protection agency, national risk management research.
However, resilience emerges from complex interactions, limiting the translation of theory into practice. The paper compares two ambitious conceptual structures. Below is his convocation address editor sixty years ago i was where you graduates are now, but graduating from the university of toronto. The resilience perspective is increasingly used as an approach for understanding the dynamics of social ecological systems. When resilience is enhanced, a system is more likely to tolerate disturbance events without collapsing into a qualitatively different state that is controlled by a different set of processes.
The translation of ecological resilience theory to urban. Learn from ecological resilience experts like lance h. Indigenous social movements and ecological resilience. In this paper, we suggest a quantitative framework for assessing ecological resilience. This article defines social resilience as the ability of groups or communities to cope with external stresses and disturbances as a result of social, political and environmental. Lejano, john hipp school of social ecology, university of california, irvine abstract resilience studies build on the notion that phenomena in the real world should be understood as dynamic social ecological systems. Building socioecological resilience to climate change through communitybased coastal conservation and development. Towards an ecological understanding of resilience in trauma survivors. The development of a resilience workbook arose from requests to the resilience alliance for advice and assistance in how to assess the resilience of. Ecological resilience and its relevance within a theory of. For pas to be resilient and to contribute to broader socialecological resilience, they must be able to adapt to changing social and ecological conditions over time in a way that supports the longterm persistence of populations, communities, and ecosystems of conservation concern.
Enhancing the resilience of humanenvironment systems. Ecological resilience is the ability of an ecosystem to respond to some kind of disturbance a measure of how quickly they recover. On oct 7th, 2011 buzz holling was awarded a honorary doctorate of science at simon fraser university, in vancouver, canada. Experiences in southern madagascar kame westerman 1, kirsten l. Examining sources of ecological resilience to climate. Ecological resilience, biodiversity, and scale springerlink. A risk and resilience framework for child, youth, and. This book presents the latest research on resilience strategies around the world. This paper explores the notion of socialecological resilience around two internationally designated conservation parks. We propose that ecological resilience is generated by diverse, but overlap.
A resilient socioecological system is synonymous with a region that is ecologically, economically, and socially sustainable. Holling in 1973, who recognized that systems perturbed beyond their capacity to recover could shift. Resilience assessments aim at a deep understanding of socialecological system dynamics, recognizing that resilience is a dynamic property shaped by many different processes of interacting fast and slow variables, including the larger context and crossscale dynamics in which the socialecological system is embedded e. Ecological resilience, the ability of an ecosystem to maintain its normal patterns of nutrient cycling and biomass production after being subjected to damage caused by an ecological disturbance. Ecological concepts are general understandings or facts about ecosystems and ecosystem management. Key words resilience, stability, stable states, biodiversity, adaptive management s abstract in 1973, c. Neil adger school of environmental sciences and cserge, university of east anglia, norwich nr4 7tj, uk abstract.
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